Satellite skills and knowledge for operational meteorologist
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Christmas Storms development over Western and Central Europe due to successive Rapid Cyclogenesis development.
Christmas Storms over Western and Central Europe due to successive Rapid Cyclogenesis development.
Avalanche catastrophe in the Alpine Area. Extraordinary high amount of snow fall due to persisting barrage effect at the Alps.
Avalanche catastrophe in the Alpine Area. Extraordinary high amount of snowfall due to persisting barrage effect at the Alps.
This case study discusses strong convective activity in a pre-frontal convergence line over northeastern Europe.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the circumstances which caused this particular pre-frontal convergence line to develop and to compare them with those typical for the conceptual model Non-orographic Convergence Line.
This case study a polar low affected north-western Europe between the 27th and 29th of January 2004.
In this case a Polar Low affected North-western Europe between the 27th and 29th of January 2004. The Polar Low moved along the Norwegian coast then southwards in a northerly flow and turned over the North Sea in the direction of the German Bight. Eventually the Polar Low made landfall over the border between the northern parts of The Netherlands and Germany.
This case study discusses a front decay over central and northern Europe, the impact of CA and distinct sinking within a frontal cloud band.
Front Decay over Central and Northern Europe. The impact of CA and distinct sinking within a frontal cloud band is shown in detail.
Storm Janika over Greenland, the Northern Atlantic and Finland.
From 10th to 16th of November 2001 a series of intensive storms moved over the Northern Atlantic and passed through Scandinavia and Finland to the east. A few of the storms were remnants of hurricanes but the one storm that caused extensive damage, at least to Finland, was of a smaller scale. It was named "Janika".
This catastrophic case describes two Mediterranean low pressure systems, propagating along a so-called 5b path.
In August 2002 two Mediterranean low pressure systems developed, taking a so-called 5b path. Such occurrences are rather unusual in summer as was the very rapid repetition rate of two events within about 8 days. The first event happened between 06 and 08 August, the second between 10 and 13 August.
This case study discusses a Dark Stripe visible in water vapour imagery behind a Cold Front.
This case study will concern a Dark Stripe visible in water vapour imagery behind a Cold Front. This Dark Stripe indicates the presence of descending dry air, which can be of stratospheric origin. The stripe develops along the cyclonic side of the white water vapour band. Typical places of appearance of Dark Stripes are the rear of Cold Fronts and Occlusions, and the forward sides of Warm Fronts.
This case study deals with convective cells over Austria in a pre-frontal unstable airmass causing exceptionally intensive hail which is a rare phenomenon in this region.
This case study deals with convective cells over Austria in a pre-frontal unstable airmass causing exceptionally intensive hail and a tornado in Vienna which is a rare phenomenon in this region.
This catastrophic case describes the development of a Mesoscale Convective System starting in the Mid-Adriatic Sea and moving towards Bosnia and Herzegovina.
This catastrophic case describes the development of a Mesoscale Convective System starting in the Mid-Adriatic Sea and moving towards Bosnia and Herzegovina and then further NE. Heavy precipitation and flash flooding occurred in some Dalmatian towns, with severe hail inland.
The Cyclonic development of a Genoa low with associated with strong Bora winds is studied. During the development process the system also interacts with a cyclone over France.
The Mediterranean Sea favours the development of weak low-pressure systems. In many cases the development begins in or near the Genoa Bay in the mid Mediterranean. Cyclones then move either towards south-east, along the southern coast of Italy and end up in the eastern Mediterranean, or towards north-east, into the Adriatic, where in many cases they get stronger or trigger secondary cyclogenesis. However, once the cyclones are formed, they often produce periods of rainy weather. In this case the development started in the Mid Mediterranean and the cyclone moved north-east, into the Adriatic and was linked to high precipitation and strong bora winds.
This case study addresses the unusual and rapid development of a small scale cold air feature into a synoptic scale frontal system.
A cyclogenesis is a rather complex process leading to an occlusion stage of a frontal system. There are at least two main theories: the classical occlusion process according to the polar front theory and the rapid cyclogenesis being a result of several processes where stratospheric and tropospheric features are acting together.
This case shows a very intensive development from a small scale comma to a synoptic scale cloud spiral. What makes this case so special is the fact that the cloud configurations are deviating from the usual development process of an occlusion spiral. Moreover the relevant NWP parameters demonstrate a situation with high potential for further developments.